Under the Government Procurement Reform Act or Republic Act No. 9184, the default method for procurement is competitive bidding. Alternative methods of procurement, such as limited source bidding, direct contracting, repeat order, shopping, and negotiated procurement, are permitted only in highly exceptional cases, to promote economy and efficiency, and are strictly regulated to prevent misuse.
The New Government Procurement Act (NGPA) or Republic Act No. 12009 recognizes the need for a more dynamic procurement framework that can respond to the diverse and evolving needs of public service delivery. The NGPA introduces a paradigm shift by allowing the Procuring Entities to utilize a variety of procurement methods, thereby ensuring a fit-for-purpose approach to achieve value for money, procurement efficiency, and quality public services.
The NGPA modes of procurement include:
Competitive Bidding
Limited Source Bidding
Competitive Dialogue
Unsolicited Offer with Bid Matching
Direct Contracting
Direct Acquisition
Repeat Order
Small Value Procurement
Negotiated Procurement
Direct Sales
Direct Procurement for Science, Technology, and Innovation
Each mode is designed to address specific procurement needs, promoting flexibility and responsiveness to different scenarios. The Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) will detail the specific terms and conditions for each mode, ensuring clarity and consistency in their application.
Under the NGPA, the Government Procurement Policy Board (GPPB) is also authorized to approve changes in the procurement process to adapt to advancements in modern and emerging technologies. This provision ensures that the procurement system remains dynamic and capable of integrating innovative solutions, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency and effectiveness of public procurement. 
These diverse procurement modes provides the PE the ability to choose the approach from various procurement methods based on specific needs of each project, ensuring best value for public funds while maintaining transparency and accountability. 
The GPPB’s commitment to a fit-for-purpose procurement approach aligns with global best practices, fostering a procurement environment that is both robust and adaptable. By leveraging different procurement modes, the government can better manage risks, optimize resources, and deliver high-quality public services. 
You may revisit previously posted NGPA Series at https://www.gppb.gov.ph/category/ngpa-series/
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